Refrigerator car



July 5, 1932, 1 coHEN REFRIGERATOR CAR 5 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Nov. 22.. 11930 ,Sw ,QM www.

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July 5, 1932. L. COHEN 1,866,085

.EFRIGERAToR CAR Filed Nov. 22, 195o 5 sheets-sheet 2 July 5, 1932. l.. COHEN 1,866,085

l REFRIGEBATOR CAR Filed Now'zz, 195o s sheets-sheet 3 ,Magda July 5, 1932. I A| 1,866,085

I REFRIGERATOR CAR I Filed Nov. 22. 1930 5 sheets-sheet -4 July 5, 1932.

L.V L; COHEN REFRIGERATOR CAR 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 fil 29 Z7 Filed Nov. 22, 1930 f 52 Z5 I (57 25 kde/fiar' 050335. (oie/Z Patented July 5, 1932 A TENT FFICE LOUIS I.. COHEN, F HIGHLAND PARK, ILLINOIS, .ASSIGNOR TO EQUIPMENT SPECIAL- TIES COMPANY, OFCHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS REFRIGERATOR CAR Application tiled November 22, 1930. Serial No. 497,374.

rlhe present invention relates to refrigerator cars, and in some respects is of general application to refrigerator cars of both designs, namely the bunker or ice chamber type of car and the brine tank type of car, but the modification which has been chosen to illus* trate the invention is the ice chamber type of car, the present application relating to the broad features of the invention and the speio cic adaptation to the bunker type of car, and suchfeatures as relate particularly to brine tank cars are made the subject of a separate application for patent. l

In the refrigerator cars of the prior art it l5 has been customary to provide ice chambers or brine tanks arran ed transversely to the car at each end. In suc case the circulation of the air takes place longitudinally of the car. At the middle of the car the warm airV passes to the ceilin along the ceiling toward the cooling cham ers at each end, where the air is.

cooled, passing downwardly toward the floor about the ice or brine tanks and out toward the middle ofthe car along the iioor.

The devices of the prior art of this class are subject to the disadvantage that the cargo space which is to be kept cool, extends too far from the cooling chambers for the most etcient cooling, since the air must circulate over a distance nearly half the length of the car, and the circulation near the middle of the car is slug ish and uncertain, and usually the aii` aroun the doorways at the center of the car is several degrees warmer and more or less stagnatie, or even inactive. The best circulation, therefore, is obtained nearest the bunker,

and the cooling effect is different lat different points in the car, depending upon the distance from the cooling chamber.

In the devices of the prior art, the height to which cargo might be loaded has been defi- 4nitelv limited where refrigeration is required, for the reason that the warm air is at the top of the car, and suicient refri eration was not In brief, the ice chambersand brine tanks of assured above a cert-ain height in the car,

the prior art have not been located in such manner as to accomplish the best results with the use of the minimum of ice or other cooling agent, as will be evident from the following description.

One of the objects of the invention is the provision of an improved refrigerator car which is more efficient and capable of maintaining a lower temperature more uniformly throughout the cargo space of the car.

Another object is the provision of an im# proved method of circulation for refrigeraso that the height of load may be increased without subjecting the top of the load lto undesirable temperatures.

Another object is the provision of an im- -proved refrigerator car, better adapted for traveling under ventilation by virtue of the increased provision for ventilation and a more uniform distribution of the ventilation.

Another object-is the provision of a number of improved forms of improved'refrigerator car, each of which has advantages peculiar to its structure, such as compartment `cars for different load units to be unloaded 'en route without disturbing the balance of the load, brine tank cars, or bunker t pe cars having auxiliary air conduits.

Another object is the provisionV of a refrigerator car which is more durable, efficient, and economical by reason of the improved structure and arrangement ofparts, and by reason of the fact that the bulkheads em-` ployed in the present construction may be made li hter and more economically manufacture since they are at the sides of the car where they do not meet the shock of thev load under the starting and stopping of the car as in the case of the bulkheads of the prior art which were located across the end of the car.

Another object is the provision of an improved arrangement of the ice chambers or rine tankv chambers of a refrigerator car which may reduce the Hoor area available for cargo, but which actually increases the capacity of the car due to the more efficient cooling, higher permissible stackin and by making all of the floor area availa le for cargo that requires uniform and eiiicient cooling.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and from the accompanying drawings, in which similar characters of reference indicate similar parts throughout the several views.

Referring to the drawings, of which there are five sheets,

Fig. l is a plan view of one end of one of my improved refrigerator cars of the bunker tye showing the walls of the car in section;

ig. 2 is a transverse vertical section taken on the plane of the line 2--2 of Fig. 3, showing the arrangement of the vice chamber, cargo space and the circulation of air;

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view taken on the plane of the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 showing the bunker in elevation and the car in section;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary detail view of the end wall of the ice chamber adjacent the car door showing the doors for removal of ice from the ice chamber;

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view taken longitudinally of the ice. chamber and longitudinally of the cargo chamber of a modified form of refrigerator car of the basket type of bunker having auxiliary air conduits;

Fig. 6 is a transverse vertical sectional view of the same modification taken on the plane of the line 6-6 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a` fragmentary horizontal sectional view of the basket type of ice bunker taken on the plane of the line 7-7 of Fig. 5;

F ig. 8 is e diagrammatic illustration of one of the preferred forms of arrangement of the cooling chambers of improved refrigerator car for either the bunker type or the brine tank type;

Fig. 9 is another diagrammatic illustration of a refrigerator car plan or modification in which the cooling chambers extend half the length of the car, and the car has beeny divided into two compartments with a rangement of doors; and

Fig. 1Q is another diagrammatic view of the modification in which the car has been provided with a plurality of separate compartments for facilitating the unloading of perishable Yproducts without disturbing the balance of the load.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the present refrigerator car may be provided with floor 20, ceiling 21, roof 22, side walls 23, 24, and end walls 25, 26 which are constructed in accordance with standard practice for constructing refrigerator cars.

It should be understood that the present illustration of the exterior construction of the car is merely diagrammatic, and ythe walls, floor and ceilingfare provided with the usual heat insulation layers with or withoutt waterproofing layers for protecting the insulation and maintaining it in a dry condition.

The present cars preferably are fully insulated in every respect to prevent the passage of heat from the exterior to the interior of the car, or vice versa.

Referring to Figs. 8, 9 and l0, these are diagrammatic illustrations of the various arrangements of ice bunkers or brine tanks which may be made, each of which has peculiar advantages due to its structure and arrangement.

The cooling chambers in the present refrigerator cars preferably extend longitudinally of the side walls of the car, rather than transversely to the end walls as in the devices of the prior art, and in the arrangement of Fig. 8 the ice bunkers or brine tank chambers 27, 28 extend along the side walls 24, 23, respectively, at opposite ends of the car. The cooling chamber 27 is formed by providing a partition or bulkhead 29 which is spaced from the wall 24 suiliciently to provide a chamber 27 of sufficient size to receive blocks of ice or brine tanks. The end of the cooling chamber 27 is closed by an end partition 30 which may be provided with doors for the removal of ice from the ice chamber, vor the entire partition 30 may be pivotally mounted to permit removal of the brine tanks. A

The cooling chamber 28 preferably is located diagonally opposite to the cooling chamber 27 being at the opposite side as well as at the opposite end of the car, so that a better circulation of air is accomplished when the car is traveling under circulation with the hatchways open at opposite sides of the car.

It should be understood, however, that in some embodiments of the invention the cooling chambers may all be located at the same side of the car or adjacent the same car wall.

In the embodiment of Fig. 8 the car may be provided with doors 31, 32 located in the usual manner, and while the cooling chambers do not extend over the full length of the car, they extend 'over substantially the full length of the car, and there is no partof the cargo space which is farther removed from the cooling chambers than a distance equal to the width of the car or less. The

- the arrows 33 extending transversely of the heads 29.

car over the `major portion of the car length, while at the middle of the car the air may circulate dia onally toward the center of the car from eac of the cooling chambers 27 28.

llt will be evident that the length of path of` air circulation is materially reduced over the devices of the prior art, in which the air vcirculation took place from ice bunkers or tank chambers at each end of the car.

The general method of air circulation will be described in more detail with respect to the descri tion of the construction of one of the cars of the ice chamber type.

Referring to Fig. 9, this is a modified form of refrigerator carin which the cooling chambers 36 and 37 extend fully half the length of the car and in which a pair of separate cargo compartments 38 and 39 have been provided by the use of doors 40 and 41 pivotally mounted at the corners of the ice chambers 36 and 37, respectively, bya suitable type of hinges and adapted to swing as indicated in the dotted lines.

'Since the cooling chambers 36 and 37 extend over that portion of the car where the doors usuall are located, the car walls 23 and 24 have een provided with doors 32, 31, respectively, centrally located with respect to the cargo chambers 38 and 39. The present modification permits of the most eiiicient cooling of every-part of the cargo spaces 38, 39, since the circulation of the air is effected transverselyof the carthroughout the full length of the car, and the separate compartments permit the unloading or loading of separate shipments of perishable 'commodities without disturbing lthe balanceJ of the load.

Referrin to Fig. 10, this is a modified form of re rigerator car having the cooling chambers 36 and 37 arranged in a manner similar to that ofthe form. shown in 9. In this embodiment the compartment s ace at" each end of the car has been divided into 'a plurality of separate compartments 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, .47 b the use of a plurality of partitions 48. vT e partitions 48 may be made of wood or metal and may be solid orl erforated, but preferably are formed of s eet metal plates with rforations and having transversely extendmg attaching flanges 49 at each end for attachment to the bulk- The present modification fpreferably is provided with a plurality o doors 50 for each compartment 42-47 y and while the efticien of insulation at doors is lower than that o the usual well insulated car wall, this modification has .the advantage of permitti separate loadin or unloading of a multip 'city of small s 'pments of perishable articles without disturbing the balance of the load.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 3, I shall now describe in detail the construction of one of the preferred embodiments of the invention.

l The refrigerator car is preferably provided with a plurality of longitudinally extending frame members or sills 51, which support a false flooring 52 and a longitudinally extending bearing post rail 53 which rovides a support for the bulkhead 29. he post bearing rail and intermediate frame members preferably sup ort the flooring 54 and the floor is preferably provided with insulating and waterprooiing layers 55 between the flooring 54 and the false iooring 52. Within the ice chamber 27 the ioor may be provided with a metallic drip pan 56 adapted to receive the drainage from the ice chamber and from the flooring 54, and provided with a discharge spout 57 having a water trap 58 for maintaining a water seal about the discharge spout 57. a

The details of construction of the flooring may be made exactly as described in the prior application of George A. Hull, Serial No. 337,291, filed February 4, 1929, for refrigerator cars.

The car floor is preferably provided with floor racks indicated in their entirety by the numeralv 59, covering the entire cargo space of the floor, and the floor racks are preferably arranged in sections so that they are adapted to be folded up against the wall of the car, if desired. Each one of the floor racks, for example, preferably comprises a plurality of transversely extending frame members 60, 61, 62, 63 and 64, carrying a multiplicity of spaced slats 65, thereby formin a ventilation conduit 66 underneath the s ats, with a multiplicity of crevices or ventilation openings 67 between the slats, for distributing the cool air throughout the car about the cargo.

The floor racks are preferably pivotably mounted on the walls adjacent the door by hinges 68, and are preferably arranged in pairs, separated from each other down the middle ofthe car at 69, so that the sections may be swun up and secured to the opposite` car walls or bulkhead. Thus, the section 70 of the rack may be ivoted upward and secured against the wa l 23, and the section 71 may be likewise secured. The rack sections 72 and 73 adjacent the ice chamber 27, are pivotally secured to the bulkhead adjacent y the floor, and may be pivoted upward and se- ,In a similar manner, it will be observed that rack section 76 may be folded against one of the rack sections at the other end of the car, and the present arrangement of rack sections is adapted to permit thefolding of the sections up against the walls of the car, or the covering of the entire floor with the racks, if desired.

The bulkhead 29 may bea wooden bulkhead or a metallic bulkhead, and if desired, the, bulkhead may be suitably insulated but the preferred form of bulkhead comprises a metallic bulkhead as illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3, with a wooden sheathing adjacent the cargo. The post bearing rail may be providedv with a plurality of regularly spaced feet 77, comprising angle members having upwardly extending attaching flanges 78 and horizontally extending attaching flanges 79, which latter flanges are secured to the post bearing rail 53 by a pluralityof bolts 80.

The bulkhead 29 preferably consists of a plurality of sections of sheet metal construction, having a substantially flat body portion 81 which is provided at its lateral edges with transversely extending attaching flanges 82, and with parallel attaching flanges 83 forming a channeled section. When the sections 84 are secured together edge to edge with the attaching flanges 82 fastened to each other with a plurality of bolts 85, they form the metallic body of the bulkhead 29 and the bulkhead may be supported on a post bearing rail 53 by securing the sections 84 to the attaching flanges 78 of the feet 77 by bolts 86.

The flat body 81 of each of the channeled sections may be provided with a multiplicity of Ventilating apertures 87 which preferably extend from the top of the bulkhead to the ice grating to permit passage of air between the ice chamber and the vertical duct 88a at any point in the Wall of the ice chamber.

The flat bodies 81 of the metal sections 84, are preferably cut away below the ice grating,- forming large openings 88 between the channeled portions 82, 83 of the sections 84, which have the shape of H beams at this point and which form legsfor the bulkhead.

The bulkhead is preferably provided with the sheathing 89 comprising ordinary boards secured by bolts or other convenient fastening means, to the attaching flanges 83 of the bulkhead sections 84. and the sheathing 89 with the sections 84 form a plurality of vertically extending ducts'or air conduits 88a to conduct air passing through the apertures 87. The sheathing 89 also forms a baffle rfor directing the circulation of air.

The bulkhead is also preferably provided with a rail 90 extending along the ventilation opening 91 below the sheathing 89, to protect the bulkhead sections against the sliding of cargo on the floor, and to maintain the ventilation opening 91 below the sheathing 89 in an unobstructed condition. At the upper end, the body 81 of each bulkhead section 84 is preferably provided with a horizontally extending flange 92 which may be secured to the ceiling by bolts or other convenient fastening means.

The ice chamber 27 is preferably provided on the sides which are opposite the bulkhead 29, and at its end, with a plurality of screen strips 93 to which is secured the wire netting 94 forming vertically extending air conduits 95 and maintaining the ice in spaced relation to the walls of the car to permit a maximum circulationV of air about the ice. The ice grating 96 of the present ice bunkers, may be very simply constructed on account of the relatively narrow width of the ice chamber, and consequently the grating 96 may consist of a plurality ofsections of perforated plates 96 having ventilation and drainage apertures 97 and having downwardly extending attaching flanges 98.

The attaching flanges 98 may be secured to the wall 24 of the car and to the bulkhead 29 by a plurality of bolts or other convenient fastening means, and the ice grating 96 is preferably located above the open Ventilating space 91 adjacent the bottom of the bulkhead so as to formv an -.air space 99 in the lower part of the ice chamber 27.

The end of the ice chamber 27 adjacent thi.' doors 31 is also preferably formed with al; appropriate channeled metal section 84 and covered with sheathing 89, but this bulkhead wall is preferably provided with a pair of registering openings in the metallic and wooden sections closed by a metal door 100 and a Wooden door 101.

The metal door 100 is pivoted on the end section 84 by av hinge 102, andthe Wooden door 101 pivoted on the sheathing 89 by a hinge 103, and these doors are preferably so arranged that the closing ofthe wooden door 101, and its securement also secures the metal door 100 in place, and so that the wooden door 101 may b'e held in open position by means of the metal door 100.

The specific arrangement of doors of this type for metallic bulkheads, has been made the subject of the prior Patent No. 1,741,630,

issued to George A. Hull, but the location of' the door in the novel.

The doors are preferably located to open on the level of the ice grating 96 so that ice may be very conveniently removed by merely sliding it out of the door openings olf the grating, and referring to Fig. 1, it will be noted that the door opening in the ice chamber 27 for dischargin ice, is very conveniently located close `to t e door openings 31 of the car. The provision of such doors in the bulkhead and, the present location of the doors, is of great advantage, since it would present refrigerator car is otherwise be necessary to remove all of the ice from the hatchways at the top of the ice chamber whenever the removal of ice is desirable.

Referring to Fig. 3, the present ice chambers are preferably provided with a plurality of hatchways 1011, 105, 106, each of the hatchways having a cover 107, and the hatchway-s are preferably equally spaced from each other longitudinally of the ice chamber. |The hatchways 104-106 each comprise a rectangular opening in the roof 22, surrounded by a rectangular frame 108, but the hatchway is prferably beveled at 109 on the inside of the ice chamber, so as to permit the better entry of the air when the car is traveling under ventilation, and to permit the more ecient placing of the ice within the ice chamber, particularly when the ice chamber is nearly full. lin the present embodiment, three separate hatchways have been provided, which practically permit the piling of ice to the extreme top of the ice chamber, if desired:

Referring to Fig. 2, the improved method oi circulation of the air is illustrated in detail by the arrows in this figure. lt will be observed that in the cargo space, the cool air becoming heated, rises to the top of the car and passes over toward the ice chamber 27 through the Ventilating openings 87 in bulkhead 89. 1n the ice chamber 27, the air is cooled by the contact with the icev passing downward in the ice chamber and through the openings 97 in the ice grating into the air chamber 99, where the cool air is further cooled by contact with the drippings from the ice, after which it passes out through the ventilating openings 88 and 91 adjacent the floor of the car.

The ioor racks 59 form a conduit for conveying the cool air along the Hoor of the car, underneath the cargo and the openings 6'? between the slits form ventilation openings for distributing the air uniformly throughout the cargo. r[he transverse frame members 82 of the floor racks are preferably provided with slots 110 to permit the movement of thev air longitudinally oi the car, particularly at the sections 7 4 and 76 adjacent the doors.

llt will thus be observed that with the location of cooling chambers according to .my invention, the cooling air is circulated transversely to the car, rather than longitudinally and the length of the air path thus made a fraction of the air path in the prior devices.

`While it is to be expected that the best circulation would take place immediately adjacent the bulkhead in the cargo space, the circulation path is relatively short and substantial uniformity of refrigeration is accom: plished over the entire cargo space. A. ma-

terial reduction in the amount of ice re uired to attain a certain temperature is also e ected, and the temperature may be substantially lowered so that the goods may be stacked higher without .subjecting the top of the load. to undesirable temperatures.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 8, Fig. 3 is an illus- I tratlon of the arrangement of the hatchways at one end when the car is traveling without icing, under ventilation, and it will .be observed'that the covers for the hatchways may be so arranged that air is directed into the hatchways at one side, down through the cooling chamber at that side, across the car and up through the cooling chamber at the other end of the car, out of the open hatch- Ways at the opposite end, and opposite side ofthe car. The flow of air under these circumstances is caused by the movement of the car and the action of the hatchway covers, which act as-deiectors, but it will be observedthat due to the arrangement of the hatchways at opposite sides'as well as oppositefends of the car, a more uniform distribution of the air is also accomplished when the car is traveling under ventilation. V

Referring to Fig. 1, 111 indicates a ventilation aperture which may be opened or cl as desired, for replenishing the air in the car when the car is traveling under refrigeration, as in some instances it may be `found desirable not only to cool and circulate the air, but to replenish the supply of fresh air fromL time to time.

Referring to Figs. 5, 6 and '1 these are sectional views of a modified form oi longitudinaliy extending ice bunkers, provided with auxiliary air conduits and called the basket type of bunker. 1n these bers,

the construction of the bulkhead and ice grating is substantially the saine as that previously described with respect to Figs. 1 to d, except that the sections 112 oi ice grating are shorter longitudinally to provide openlngs between them for the upwardly extending auxiliary air conduits 113, 11d.

1n order to support the auxiliary air conduits 113, 114, vertically extending traine members 115, 116, 117, 118 are secured to the wall 2d and to the bulkhead 29 at the oints where the auxiliary conduits are to located. Auxiliary conduits 1111 preferably extend from the air chamber 99 to the ceiling 21 or the car, while intermediate anxiliary conduits 113 preferably extend about haii way toward the ceiling. IThe conduits 111 are therefore arranged at points in between the hatchways 10st- 108 and they are provided with horizontalframe members 119 secured to the ceiling by bolts or other convenient fastening means.

The vertical frame members 115, 118 are preferably provided with transverse angle irons 12d-423, each having one Harige secured to the frame members 115--118 by bolts or other convenient fastening means,

and having the other flange extending horizontally underneath the ice grating 112,

nrs

thereby providing a convenient mode of support of the ice grating. 1

-The framework which is provided by the vertically extending frame members 115, 116, and the horizontally extending frame members 119-121, is preferably covered at both sides by wir'e screen 124, 125, which may be secured thereto by bolts, nails or other convenient fastening means, and the screen 124, 125 is adapted to form a foraminated wall for the ice chamber and also form the walls of the conduit 114.

The construction of the conduits 113 is substantially the same except thatthe vertically extending frame members 117, 118 extend only part way toward the ceiling and are capped by a transverse frame member 126, which is preferably beveled at both of its upper` corners 127, 129 and protected by an angle iron member 130 which is bolted or otherwise secured to the frame member 126.

Angle iron braces 131 and bolts, provide additional support for the transverse frame member 126 on the vertical frame members 117, 118, and it will be observed that the short' air conduits 113 are located centrally beneath the beveled hatchways 104-106, so that ice may be directed into either one of the baskets 132,138, which are formed in the ice bunker by such auxiliaryair conduits.

The air conduits 113, 114 which are preferably regularly lspaced throughout the length of the ice bunker, permit the access of air to the ice at intermediate points in the mass of ice and permit the air passing down through the ice to pass more freely down the conduits 113, 114 into the air space 99, and thence into the cargo space. Air spaces are thus provided in the mass of ice, irrespective of the amount of packing of the ice, andthe efliciency of the ice chamber is materially increased over the devices of the prior art.

If it is desired to equip an ice chamber of this type with the auxiliaryy doors of the type shown in Fig. 4, such doors should 0bviously be located: in each of the separate ice chambers between the verticallyextending air conduits 114 and one ice discharging door is required for each separate chamber.

It will thus be observed that I have invented an improved refrigerator car. which is adapted to effect an improved mode of circulation of the air, a more eiicient re- `fri eration, a more uniform cooling effect,

an a possible reduction of the ice consumption of the car.

While the area of the cargo space may be decreased, in some embodiments of the invention, the same cargo space area may be available, and in any case., the effective capacity of the cargo space will be increased duev to the more etlicient refrigeration and the higher permissible stacking of perishable products, since the upper layers of air in my improved refrigerator car will be cooler than those in the devices of the prior art. l

The present arrangement of cooling chambers is adaptable to all types of refrigerator cars and also susceptible of various modiiications, each of which has important advantages in the transportation of perishable products. The bulkheads used in the present refrigerator car need not be of such strong construction as the bulkheads located at the ends of the car, since the shifting of the loads, due to the switching, etc., does not act against the bulkheads which extend longitudinally of the car as they do against the bulkheads located across the ends of the car, in the devices of the prior art.

While I have illustrated a preferred embodiment of my invention, many modifications may be made without departing from the spirit ofthe invention, and I do not wlsh to be limited to the precise details of construction set forth, but desire to afvail myself of all changes within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is new and desire to secure by Letters `Patent of the United States, is:

1. In a. refrigerator car, the combination of an enclosure comprising floor, walls and ceiling with a bulkhead extending longitudinally of said car and spaced from the wall thereof to form an ice chamber, said bulkhead comprising a plurality of sheet metal members having laterally projecting lianges secured together, and an ice grating in said ice chamber, and extending longitudinallv of said car, saidice grating comprising perforated metal sheets secured to said bulkhead l and the Vadjacent wall.

2. A refrigerator car having longitudinally extending ice chambers, located adjacent the opposite sides of the car and each extending substantially half the length of the car, to effect refrigeration by transverse air circulation, said car having centrally loca-ted doors for dividing the car into two compartments and having exterior doors for each compartment. V

3. A refrigerator car having longitudinally extending ice chambers, located adjacent the opposite sides of the car and each extending substantially half the length of the car,

to effect Vrefrigeration by transverse air cirl culation, said car having centrally located doors for dividing the car into two compartments, transversely extending partitions in each compartment for providing sub-compartments and exterior doors for each sub- 1 compartment.

4. In a refrigerator car, an ice chamber comprising a portion of the side wall and end wall of the car, a short transversely-ex-- tending bulkhead, and a longitudinally extending bulkhead, an ice grating in said chamber, and a plurality of auxiliary air conduits extending transversely to the car length into said ice chamber, certain of said auxiliary air conduits extending to the ceiling of said car and the intermediate auxiliary air conduits terminating short of the ceiling, said car having hatchways located above said intermediate auxiliary air conduits.

5. In a refrigerator car, the combination of a car with a longitudinally extending post bearing rail, a bulkhead comprising a plurality of channeled metal sections secured together and-carried by said post bearing rai] longitudinally of the car, said bulkhead having ventilation apertures at its top and bottom, and an ice grating comprising a plurality of perforated metal sheets carried by said bulkhead and by the car wall, said ice chamber being adapted for air circulation transversely to said car.

6. In a'refrigerator car. the combination of car walls, ceiling and floor with a bull;

head located adjacent one of the side walls of the car and parallel to said side wall, said bulk head extending from one end of the car to a point adjacent a centrally located car door, said bulk head having ventilating openings at its top and having spaced legs with Ventilating openings at its bottom, and an ice grating carried bv said bulk head and the adjacent side wall, and transversely ex tending air conduits located on the floor of the car and communicating with the interior of the car whereby every part of the car is located within a path of circulation not greater than the width ofl the car and the air is circulated downward through the ice chamber and upward through the car leaving and returning to the ice chamber transversely of the car.

7. In a refrigerator car, thel combination of car walls, ceiling and floor with a bulk headlocated adjacent one of the side walls of the car and parallel to said side wall, said bulk head extending from one end of the car to a point adjacent a centrally located car door, said bulk head having ventilating openings at its top and having spaced legs with ventilating openings at its bottom, an

car to a point adjacent said centrally located door.

8. In a refrigerator car, the combination of car walls, ceiling and ioor with a -bulk head located adjacent one of the side walls of the car and parallel to said side wall, said bulk head extending from one end of the car to a point adjacent a centrally located car door, said bulk head having Ventilating openings at its top and having spaced legs with ventilating openings at its bottom, an ice grating carried by said bulk head and the adjacent side wall, transversely extending air conduits located on the oor of the car and communicating with the interior of the car whereby every part of the car is 1ocated within a pat-h of circulation not greater than the widthof the car and the air is circulated downward through the ice chamber and upward through the car leaving and returning to the ice chamber transversely of the car, a drainage pan located below the floor level of the car beneath said ice grating and extending 1ongitudinally of the car from one end of the car to a point adjacent said centrally located door, and a longitudinally extending post bearing rail located beneath the legs of said bulk head, said post bearing rail supporting said bulk head, the car Hoor and said drainage pan.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 19th day of November, 1930.

LOUIS L. COHEN.

ice grating carried by said bulk head and j the adjacent side wall, transversely extendmg air conduits located on the oor of the car and communicating with the interior of the car whereby every part of the car is lo- 'cated within a greater than the width of the car and the air path of circulation not is circulated downward through the ice chamber and upward through the car leaving and returning to the ice chamber transversely of the car, and a drainage pan located below the floor level of the car and bejneath said ice grating and extending lonj. gitudinally of the car from one end of the 

